MEĐUNARODNI PROBLEMI

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The paper deals with the problem of demographic ageing in Russia, some forecasts of the possible substantial revolutionary changes, and present youth activities. The author discusses results of the recent study conducted by the Department of Elite Studies of the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Data of this survey and personal observations of the author confirm the opinion about the absence of such changes in contemporary Russia, despite the involvement of a portion of youth in protest rallies which occurred in winter 2012/13 in the capital and big cities which was reduce to the slogan “For honest elections!” The issue of youth violence was slightly tackled.

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Violation of rules of international humanitarian law during the war or armed conflict creates the need for the application of certain types and measures of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of the most serious crimes against international law in accordance with appropriate judicial procedures. Both – national as well as international judicial systems are familiar with various types of criminal sanctions prescribed by relevant legal sources. This paper discusses the characteristics of these international crimes and sanctions and the preconditions for their application. The application of these criminal sanctions requires that the existence of elements of a particular criminal offence against international law and of the guilt on behalf of the adult perpetrator of such an offence has previously been confirmed.

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From the past experience, most governments conclude that it is necessary to carry out carefully planned foreign trade policy based on a high degree of liberalization dosed with government control. This kind of foreign trade policy is being implemented both by Serbia and by the European Union, which established the Common Trade Policy (CTP) in 1957. Bearing in mind that Serbia has signed the Stabilization and Association Agreement striving to become a full member of the European Union, it is clear that, in due course, its foreign trade policy must be in line with the European one. This is not an easy task, because parallel to the process of accession to the EU, Serbia is conducting negotiations on accession to the World Trade Organization and those two processes are intertwined and connected. This paper analyses Serbia’s process of accession to the European Union and the impact of this process on its foreign trade policy as well as the future of its foreign trade relations with previous major partners.

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In this article, the author deals with the dialogue process between the authorities in Belgrade and Priština after the unilateral proclamation of Kosovo’s independence in 2008. He analyses the genesis and ranges of this technical and political dialogue between Belgrade and Priština from 2011 and all agreements (freedom of movement, personal documents, customs, cadastre, mutual recognitions of the university diplomas, Integrated Border Management, representation of Kosovo in the regional integrations and forums) with special emphasis on the “First agreement of principles governing the normalization of relations” (Brussels, 19 April 2013) and the creation of the Association/Community of Serb Majority Municipalities in Kosovo. He concludes that the dialogue between Belgrade and Priština has been the major political success of the European Union within the frameworks of mechanism of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. The author also gives some predictions concerning the next steps in the dialogue between Belgrade and Priština also presenting potential “neuralgic” topics (ethnic community protection, status of the Serbian Orthodox Church and property issues).

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The paper examines whether and to what extent the primary objectives of the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force’s mission, which has conducted security and stability operations throughout Afghanistan, have been achieved. The authors focus their analysis on establishing political institutions and effective public policy implementation as well as on developing and training Afghan military, police and other security capacities — all aimed at providing secure environment for sustainable economy and daily life in the country. The paper discusses the results of the NATO-led international mission in the context of geopolitics and the geostrategic position of Afghanistan as a Middle East country and its place in the longstanding U.S. Foreign Policy objectives in the region. The authors employ the dynamic research approach in order to cover the topic within a decade time frame. The authors conclude that the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force’s mission has failed to fully meet the political objectives, while the security objectives have been achieved only to a lesser extent.